The first day of deliberation in the criminal trial of Donald Trump ended without a verdict, and so the jury will get back to work Thursday morning.

The panel — seven men and five women, all from Manhattan, where the trial is set — went behind closed doors just before noon on Wednesday after a more-than-six-week trial, the first criminal prosecution of an American president.

In midafternoon, the jurors asked to hear again portions of testimony by David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, who prosecutors say was part of a conspiracy to suppress unflattering stories on Mr. Trump’s behalf during the 2016 election. Another jury request related to testimony by Michael D. Cohen, Mr. Trump’s former lawyer and fixer, who became a crucial witness for the prosecution.

Through testimony and dozens of exhibits, prosecutors portrayed Mr. Trump as a man — and presidential candidate — desperate to keep the account of an extramarital tryst out of the public eye in 2016.

That story, told by Stormy Daniels, a porn star, is at the core of the charges against Mr. Trump, who faces 34 felony counts of falsifying business records in connection with a $130,000 hush-money payment to Ms. Daniels. Prosecutors say that payment, less than two weeks before the 2016 election, was made by Mr. Cohen, and the false records were meant to conceal his reimbursement. If convicted, Mr. Trump faces a sentence ranging from probation to four years in prison.

During the trial’s often blistering cross-examinations, the former president’s defense attacked the credibility of both Mr. Cohen and Mr. Daniels, casting them as money-hungry opportunists and liars. The case, which has drawn a crush of reporters to the downtown courtroom of Justice Juan M. Merchan, was awash in lurid details of sex and covert deal-making, as well as claims of a plot by Mr. Trump and others to illegally influence the 2016 election.