SOURCES:

Marie Bernard, MD, deputy director, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Md.

Kenneth Minaker, MD, chief, geriatric medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; associate professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School.

National Institute on Aging: “Healthy Aging: Lessons From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging,” “Aging Under the Microscope.”

National Eye institute: “Facts About Presbyopia,” “Facts About Cataract,” “Facts About Glaucoma,” “Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration.”

Hilary Beaver, MD, associate professor, clinical ophthalmology, Weil Cornell Medical College, The Methodist Hospital, Houston; adjunct associate professor, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.

Faye, E. Vision Loss is Not a Normal Part of Aging, Lighthouse International, 2005.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: “Hearing Loss and Older Adults,” “Presbycusis.”

Robert Dobie, MD, professor of otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.

AGS Aging in the Know: “The Aging Process,” “Disorders of the Heart and Circulatory System,” “Kidney Problems.”

Aging Hearts & Arteries: A Scientific Quest, National Institute on Aging, 2005.

National Anemia Action Council: “Anemia & Aging.”

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: “Who Is at Risk for High Blood Pressure?”

John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, co-director, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research; professor of geriatric medicine and gerontology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Glisky, E. “Changes in Cognitive Function in Human Aging,” in Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms, CRC Press, 2007.

Alberta, M. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, April 22, 2011; online edition.

Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, March 2011; vol 7: pp 208-244.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: “Social Determinants of Health.”

CDC: “Health Disparities.”

Current Diabetes Reports, “Race/Ethnic Difference in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications.”

American College of Cardiology: “Racial Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence and Management: A Crisis Control?”