Ex-Officials Urge Curbing Presidential Power to Deploy Troops on U.S. Soil

A bipartisan group of former senior national security and legal officials, including veterans of the Trump administration, are urging lawmakers to impose new limits on a president’s power to deploy federal troops on domestic soil.

While it is generally illegal to use the U.S. military for domestic law enforcement purposes, a law called the Insurrection Act grants presidents emergency power to use troops to restore order when they decide a situation warrants it.

Legal analysts for decades have proposed overhauling the act, which President George Bush, at the request of California’s governor, last invoked in 1992 to suppress riots in Los Angeles. But the weakness of existing constraints has taken on new salience in the era of former President Donald J. Trump, who has vowed to unilaterally send troops into Democratic cities if he wins the 2024 election.

Many other proposed reforms to executive power after Mr. Trump’s turbulent term were blocked by Republicans in Congress, who portrayed them as unnecessary partisan swipes. Seeking to avoid that fate, the proponents of imposing new limits on the Insurrection Act said their point was not about Mr. Trump in particular, but rather that current law gives all presidents too much unfettered power.

The set of principles unveiled on Monday are ones that the group hopes lawmakers of both parties could endorse. Republican signatories included Courtney Simmons Elwood, the general counsel of the C.I.A. under Mr. Trump; Michael Mukasey, a former federal judge who was attorney general in the Bush administration; and John Eisenberg, the top lawyer at the National Security Council in the Trump White House.