In one of the most consequential rulings on gun control in over a decade, the Supreme Court struck down a New York law Thursday requiring state residents to have “proper cause” to carry a handgun. Supporters of the Second Amendment have lauded the decision, while gun control advocates say it jeopardizes public health.

The now-unconstitutional law, part of a larger array of New York gun restrictions highlighted as some of the toughest in the nation, mandated that those applying to carry a concealed handgun provide a reason why they need the weapon, which officials then approve or deny.

New York Gov. Kathy Hochul swiftly denounced the ruling, saying the Supreme Court “recklessly” struck down the law at “a moment of national reckoning on gun violence.”

The case has been closely watched in New York, coming on the heels of a mass shooting at a Buffalo supermarket in May where an 18-year-old killed 10 people and injured three others in what authorities called a racially-motivated killing. Less than two weeks later, the attack was followed by a shooting at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, which left 19 children and two adults dead.

Amid the outcry, the U.S. Senate passed a new gun control package Thursday — the first significant federal firearms legislation in three decades.

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Scott Pulaski, an avid gun rights supporter from Alton, Illinois, has owned and operated Piasa Armory, a gun store and shooting range, for over a decade. For him, the ruling gives individuals the opportunity to defend themselves when faced with a threat.   

“Individuals are their own first responders, they’re the ones that are responsible for their own protection first and foremost,” Pulaski said. “It is not always an option to wait on the phone when 911 police response times are several minutes and there’s a bad guy in your house or there’s a bad guy attacking you on the street.” 

The ruling reinforces the American ideal of individual choice, Pulaski said. “The idea of the state being allowed to arbitrarily decide the rights of others finally being stripped down is a great thing for the restoration of rights,” he added.  

But some fear the ruling will further endanger marginalized communities.

Omar Gonzalez-Pagan, counsel for Lambda Legal, recalled the Pulse nightclub shooting that left 49 dead in Orlando, Florida, in 2016, noting how LGBTQ people are disproportionately affected by gun violence.

“We know that our community is not safe, so long as we cannot regulate and address the issue of gun violence in our country and by permitting unlawful, unreasonable regulations on who may carry firearms in public,” Gonzalez-Pagan told USA TODAY.

A clerk hands a gun to a customer inside a gun shop, Thursday, June, 23, 2022 in Honolulu.

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At least five Democratic-led states — including California, Maryland, and New Jersey — have licensing requirements similar to New York. Together, those states represent about a quarter of the nation’s population.

California had been anticipating the ruling, Governor Gavin Newsom said in a statement Thursday. Following the Supreme Court decision, California almost immediately introduced legislation on Thursday to further strengthen the state’s gun laws.