Israel and Hezbollah, the Lebanese militia backed by Iran, have engaged in some of their heaviest cross-border air attacks in months. Israeli aircraft bombarded southern Lebanon on Sunday to stop what Israel said were preparations for a major Hezbollah attack. Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Lebanese militia, later said it had fired hundreds of rockets and drones at Israel as retribution for Israel’s killing of a senior commander in July, though Israel said there had been little damage.

Here’s a look at how the latest strikes unfolded on Sunday morning in Israel and Lebanon (times are local and approximate):

5 a.m. (11 p.m. Eastern on Saturday): The Israeli military says that its fighter jets have begun bombarding targets in Lebanon belonging to Hezbollah. The military “identified the Hezbollah terrorist organization preparing to fire missiles and rockets toward Israeli territory,” it says.

In a video statement, the Israeli military’s chief spokesman, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, says that Israel had begun “a self-defense act to remove these threats,” describing Hezbollah’s preparations as “extensive.” Ben-Gurion International Airport near Tel Aviv is closed to flights.

5:32 a.m.: Air-raid sirens blare across northern Israel, warning of an incoming rocket barrage. The Israeli news media circulates footage showing Israeli air defenses intercepting rockets fired from Lebanon and describes the barrage as longer than has been typical in the months of intensified launches by Hezbollah.

6:09 a.m.: Hezbollah confirms that it launched an attack as part of an “initial response” to the Israeli assassination of Fuad Shukr, one of the group’s most senior commanders, last month. The group says it targeted Israeli military bases and aerial defense batteries, and fired drones toward a significant but unspecified military target.

6:20 a.m.: Israel’s defense minister, Yoav Gallant, announces that a state of emergency is in place, limiting public gatherings. Mr. Gallant’s office says he spoke by phone with Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III to update him on Israeli actions “to thwart an imminent threat against the State of Israel.”