Less than two weeks before the controversial Qatar World Cup kicks off, Amnesty International has made a last-gasp plea to world soccer’s governing body FIFA to compensate migrant workers who constructed the tournament’s stadiums.

The plight of migrant workers in Qatar, along with LGBTQ+ rights in the Gulf state, has sparked a backlash ahead of the tournament, which begins on Nov. 20.

In May, Amnesty, along with 23 other organizations, including Human Rights Watch and the Independent Supporters Council North America, wrote an open letter to FIFA President Gianni Infantino urging a “remedy for labour abuses behind the 2022 World Cup.”

The letter urged Infantino to work with the Qatari government, trade unions, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to provide compensation to migrant workers for “serious labour abuses.”

In an op-ed published in international media Friday, Amnesty’s Secretary Agnes Callamard again urged FIFA to take action. “Amid this growing clamour, the most crucial voice of all has remained conspicuously silent: Gianni Infantino,” she wrote, signaling out the president of FIFA.

“Despite private and public assurances from FIFA that they are ‘considering the proposal,’ Infantino, a few platitudes aside, has consistently dodged the topic. To date, he has provided no response to our joint letter,” she added.

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World Cup sponsors Coca-Cola Co. KO, +0.72%, McDonald’s Corp. MCD, -1.63%, Anheuser-Busch InBev/Budweiser BUD, +2.98%, and Adidas ADS, +5.97% have supported calls for financial compensation, according to Amnesty.

Callamard also slammed a recent letter from Infantino and FIFA Secretary General Fatma Samoura to the 32 World Cup teams urging them to “focus on football.”

“At FIFA, we try to respect all opinions and beliefs, without handing out moral lessons to the rest of the world,” the letter added. 

In her op-ed, Callamard said that Infantino had “presided over a notable shift in the governing body’s approach to human rights,” but described his letter as “a crass attempt at shirking FIFA’s culpability for these abuses and responsibility towards these workers.”

“Enshrined in (FIFA’s) own policies is a commitment to remedy human rights abuses it has contributed to,” she wrote. “Given the well-documented history of labour rights abuses in Qatar, FIFA knew — or should have known — the obvious risks to workers when it awarded Qatar the tournament.”

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FIFA is implementing a due diligence process relating to worker protection in Qatar, which  focuses on companies building World Cup infrastructure, including stadiums and training sites, as well as service providers in sectors such as hotel, security, and transportation. The organization has also set up grievance mechanisms with Qatar’s Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy, which is overseeing the World Cup. As of December 2021, workers are said to have received $22.6 million in repayment of recruitment fees, with an additional $5.7 million committed by contractors.

“Over the past two decades, Qatar has initiated an overhaul of its labour system, with extensive action taken to benefit the millions of workers in our country,” said a Qatari government official, in a statement emailed to MarketWatch.

The official said that, in 2018, Qatar announced the Workers’ Support and Insurance Fund, which provides compensation for workers who have been injured or passed away because of a work-related incident, or if workers have not received their salaries due to their employer being unable to pay. “$350 million has been paid out this year through the Fund,” the official added.

The death toll of construction workers in Qatar remains firmly in the spotlight, with Amnesty International describing thousands of migrant worker deaths since 2010, when the World Cup was awarded. In 2021, the Guardian reported that more than 6,500 migrant workers from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka have died in Qatar since 2010.  

The deaths cited by Qatar are significantly less. Since construction began in 2014, Qatar’s Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy is said to have recorded just three work-related fatalities on World Cup sites and 37 non-work-related deaths among World Cup workers.

Qatar describes the letter sent by Amnesty in May as inaccurate. “We have never shied away from constructive criticism, but it has consistently been proven that the mortality figures reported by the media – and Amnesty’s letter – are inaccurate and wildly misleading,” the Qatari government official said. “The reality is that what Qatar has achieved in a few years took many decades to achieve in other parts of the world.”

Last month, in a televised speech, Qatar’s ruling emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani slammed criticism of the country, which he described as an “unprecedented campaign” against the first Arab nation to host the World Cup. Qatar has repeatedly pushed back against international criticism, saying that it has improved conditions for migrant workers. The country has also denied Amnesty’s claims of migrant worker exploitation.